Skin cancer

Skin cancer's disease overview

What is

skin cancer? Skin cancer is one of the most common and quite easy to diagnose cancer. Skin cancer (excluding melanoma) is the cancer that comes from the skin epithelium covering the body, including many cell layers. Basal cell layer produces basal cell cancer, scaled cell layer produces scaled carcinoma. Skin dependence routes such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands produce cancer of sweat glands, sebaceous glands ...

common skin cancer in white people, mainly in the elderly, more male than women. The disease usually appears in the open skin at a rate of 90% in the head of the neck. The incidence of skin cancer in Vietnam is about 2.9-4.5/100,000 people.

Can skin cancer be cured ? Skin cancer can be completely cured if detected early.

Causes of Skin cancer's disease

Skin exposed to radioactive rays: Ngan, cold quartz ... This is the main risk factor for skin cancer. The skin is in constant exposure to the sun in strong intensity and for a long time is the most important pathogenic disease factor. The disease often occurs in people working outdoors fishermen, farmers, bridge workers ...
  • Radiation ionization: Skin cancer usually develops after 14-15 years after the ionized radiation exposure.

    • How many types of UV rays? What kind of effect on the skin?

    Family syndrome

    Some genetic syndrome increases the risk of skin cancer including:

  • Chromosomal fibroids: There are mutations of diving chromosomes characterized by an increase in ultraviolet rays. The disease shows signs of skin damage to thick skin, fibers, lots of scales. Patients often have skin cancer before the age of 20. Prevention by avoiding solar radiation.
  • Nevoid basal cell syndrome: Chromatoma is characterized by chromosomal mutations combined with jaw bone cysts or concave cavities in the palm of the hand , foot. Bottom skin cancer with many pockets in combination with skin fibers, abnormalities in the ribs and spine.
  • Gardner syndrome: Genetic syndrome with cysts and cystic lesions.

    • Torres syndrome: Genetic cancers of basal cells and non -metastatic sebaceous carcinoma in patients with dry skin drying. The disease is often accompanied by colon cancer and VATer cancer. Skin diseases that have existed before

  • Optical horny disease: 1-20% turn into skin cancer. Damage are rough, scales in the open skin such as the head area, which can be regressed if the patient changes career, reduces exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
  • Bowen disease: 3-5% turn into skin cancer. The disease manifests itself in scales, the disease is clear, common in the elderly.
    • freckles: People with many pigmentation, freckles are at higher risk of skin cancer.
  • Infections: The virus causing papilloma in humans (HPV: Human Papilloma Virus) is directly related to scaled skin cancer. HPV is found in the majority of cases of rice grain-shaped;

    • Chronic dermatitis or skin injury: Cancer can grow on the skin with lesions before such as old burns, drainage holes, ulcerative hole due to long lying, traces Skin tattoo. These cancer tends to spread and metastatic lymphadenopathy. immune: The risk of skin cancer in people suffering from infected immunodeficiency syndrome or post -organ transplantation increased by 16 times. In this case, the tumor thrives and more spread. Exposure to cancer -causing chemicals

    Some skin cancer chemicals in case of skin exposed to asphalt, charcoal, lubricant, herbicide pesticides ... In which Arsen are the most common type because it is used in industry, health and high concentrations in drinking water in some countries.

    Symptoms of Skin cancer's disease

    Signs of skin cancer depend on each type. Skin cancer In the early stages is often easy to mistake for other benign skin lesions such as ulcers, old scars ...

    Basal cell carcinoma:
  • The beginning of the disease is a small ulcer, shallow bank, smooth bottom, thin scales, capillary surface, can be infected with black cancer. >
  • Ulcers usually come from warts, moles and chromatinal fibrous nodules.
  • Slowly developed ulcers, there are shore destruction and spread along the skin surface, less deep invasive.

    • Some cases of deep ulcer to reveal the face, superinfection, redness around.

  • Bottom skin cancer is almost no metastases and no metastases far.
    • Scaled cell carcinoma:
  • Cancer comes on old scars, like scarring. The tumor, the surface is crushed, easy to bleed
  • Progressive progression, ulcerative spread of shallow surface, can invade into the skull, deformation and serious infection.
  • Scaled cell cancer or metastatic lymphadenopathy such as the neck, occipital area, in front of the ear, lymph nodes under the chin, under the jaw: the metastatic lymph nodes are usually large, solid, alone or stick into clusters, mobile lymph nodes or fixed.
    • Cancer of tanning glands:
  • including sweat glands, sebaceous glands.

    • Cancer is usually under the skin, pushing the skin up high, easy to mistake software cancer.

  • Cure, sticky, limited tumor with redness and pain.
  • rapidly growing invasive layer into the muscle and bone.

    • People at risk for Skin cancer's disease

  • The most common white people:> 200/100,000 people, the least expensive black people <10/100,000 people
  • Outdoor workers are exposed to ultraviolet rays
  • Employees come in contact with toxic chemicals

    • People with skin cancer precancerous diseases

  • Immunpleted people: HIV, after organ transplantation, use immunosuppressive drugs in patients with autoimmune diseases

    • People with genetic syndrome such as Gardner syndrome, Torres syndrome, bowen syndrome ...

    Prevention of Skin cancer's disease

  • Avoid direct sun exposure.
  • Do not sunbathe at the period from 10 o'clock to 16 hours, should only sunbathe in the early morning, not to sunburn.
  • People who have to work outdoors need labor protection such as hats, hats, long -sleeved clothes or sunshades.
  • Beauty methods such as white baths lose the horny layer on the skin, young cells must be exposed to sunlight and harmful factors from the environment so it is easy to get diseases. About skin, especially skin cancer.
  • Wear colorful or dark clothes with natural materials that protect the skin better than light -colored clothes with artificial materials.
  • When working with chemicals, radiation should perform well the hygiene and hygiene in labor, such as gloves, boots, protective clothes, glasses, glasses, mask.

    • Regularly clean skin, avoid and promptly treat inflammatory symptoms on the skin.

  • It is necessary to pay attention to propaganda and meticulous examination to detect skin lesions early because it is easy to see and treat highly effective at this stage.

    • Diagnostic measures for Skin cancer's disease

    Diagnosis of skin cancer is based on clinical symptoms and biopsy results. There are 4 symptoms of early diagnosis of skin cancer:

  • Long -term ulcer or bloody ulcer
  • In ulcer, floating, bleeding
  • ulcerative or tumor on the old scar background
  • Chronic red nodules with ulcers, change the size of the mole.

    • In addition, when the magnifying glass, the new blood vessels are observed quite clearly. Can biopsy the diagnostic lesions of the pathology.

    Skin cancer's disease treatments

    Principle of treatment

  • Based on the type of pathology, tumor position, the level of spreading, the stage of the disease.
  • Leather glandular cancer is less responsive to radiation or chemotherapy, so the role of surgery is huge. Need to remove wide tumors, systematic lymphadenopathy when metastatic. Pain.

    • Skin cancer surgery

  • About 80% of skin cancer is treated with surgery. Need to consider the factors: Location, size, level of intensive infection, width of tumors, aesthetic problem is secondary.

  • -Please a bottom cellular epithelium sensitive to rays so the effect can be equal to surgery. However, it is important to pay attention to the locations near the eyes, the nose and mouth mucosa is prone to burns. Region.

    • After scaling skin cancer surgery, the cutting area should also be supplemented with radiation therapy. + Most cases of lymphadenopathy, after lymphadenopathy also need additional radiation treatment with radiation of about 55-60 gy.

    valence:

  • Local chemicals: Use 5-fu cream that can be treated from precancerous lesions or shallow basal cancer. Li>

    Chemotherapy before surgery is indicated for skin cancer with high historical malignancy.  Chemicals that retreat tumors and lymph nodes create easy surgery, reducing the likelihood of cancer cells.

    Chemotherapy after surgery to reduce the possibility of recurrence and metastases.

    In case of spreading cancer, it is not possible to have surgery, chemotherapy, or in combination with radiation to reduce symptoms, improve the quality of life.  

    Relapse treatment

  • Relapse after a basal cell skin cancer surgery can surgery to remove tumors or radiation, the results are still relatively good. Scales or skin -dependent skin glands often have bad prognosis due to high malignant disease.  Surgery is broadly lesions and shaping skin defects, if the cutting area is cut, the radiation therapy after surgery. >

    See also:

  • Skin cancer diagnosis measures
  • Dark skin cancer
  • Scalp cancer

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