Skin cancer

Skin cancer's disease overview

What is skin cancer? Skin melanoma (Melanoma) is the most malignant skin cancer, which develops from melanin production cells (Melanocytes). Mam cancer may also manifest in the skin like the eyes or rarer than internal organs (for example, intestines). The risk of skin cancer seems to be increasing in people under 40 years old, especially women.

Understanding of symptoms of skin cancer can help detect malignant changes on the skin and early treatment to avoid cancer spread

Causes of Skin cancer's disease

Causes of skin cancer skin has not been clearly clarified but exposed to UV rays from the sun is the main risk factor for the disease.

Skin cancer occurs when melanin -producing cells - the body's skin pigmentation is overly developed, leading to malignant tumor formation. The reason is that DNA lesions in normal cells. However, why DNA is damaged and leads to the formation of tumors is not well known.

Doctors believe that exposure to UV rays is the leading cause of skin cancer. UV rays are not the cause of all cases of melanoma, especially in positions that do not come into contact with the sun (between limbs, soles of hands, feet ...). That proves there are many other risk factors for melanoma, including:

White skin: There are little pigments on the skin, which means that you are less likely to protect from UV radiation. Blonde people, people who easily have freckles, tanned with the risk of developing melanoma than black people.

History of tanned: Increasing risk of melanoma

Living near the equator: There is a risk of direct sun exposure to the sun with higher radiation energy, more exposed to UV rays.

There are many moles or unusual moles: There are more than 50 moles that are risk factors for melanoma. Similarly, there are many abnormal moles that are the risk factor for the disease.

Family history of melanoma: People with a family history of melanoma, especially first -generation relatives like parents, siblings at risk higher illness.

Improved impairment: People with impaired immune system are at higher risk of skin cancer.

Symptoms of Skin cancer's disease

Skin cancer can be manifested in every position on the body. They often develop on areas of sun exposure such as back, legs, arms and faces.

Skin cancer can also occur in areas with less sun exposure such as soles of feet, hands and nails, especially in people with skin. Black.

Initial signs of skin cancer:

Change on the old mole: Suddenly changes in shape, size or bleeding, itching. The mole is darker or can ulcer, uneven borders, lava, asymmetrical.

There is an abnormal hyperpigmentation or skin.

Special: melan cancer is not always starting from the available moles but can occur in other normal skin positions. The difference between normal and abnormal moles:

Normal mole

Abnormal mole

Fixed colors: black, brown, dull ...

Clear boundaries with surrounding tissue

round, smooth and diameter usually less than 6mm.

Most people have 10-45 moles

asymmetric shape

irregular, uneven borders can be granted

Color changes

diameter greater than 6 mm

Change: Increase size, change the shape color over time, itching, ulcers, bleeding ...

Malignant moles are very different, some show all the above symptoms, some malignant moles have only one or two characteristics.

Discreet skin cancer:

Skin cancer can develop in discreet positions that are rarely checked. Black skin or dark skin. Damage development in nails, toenails, soles, soles. Currently. Patients have vision changes (blurred vision).

People at risk for Skin cancer's disease

Outdoor workers, direct sun exposure

People living near the equator. Usually

people with immunodeficiency: HIV, after organ transplantation, users of immunosuppressive drugs such as autoimmune disease ... skin.

Prevention of Skin cancer's disease

Avoid exposure to sunlight in the middle of the sunshine: In contact with the sun accumulates over time, it will increase the risk of skin cancer. Limiting outdoor activities at the time of the strongest sunlight (from 11-14 noon) is the best way to prevent skin damage such as sunburn, tanned as well as prevent skin cancer. Li>

Use sunscreen: Sunscreen cannot completely protect the harmful effects of UV rays, especially radiation leading to skin cancer. However, using sunscreen still plays an important role. Dermatologist recommends using sunscreen with an SPF at least 30. Trong is taking care of his skin to identify changes on the body: changing old moles, changing color 1 skin.

Diagnostic measures for Skin cancer's disease

Skin cancer screening

Self -screening skin cancer: Self examination helps us understand the moles, freckles ... on the body, so it is possible to detect their changes early. Comprehensive examination of positions: body, back, arms and legs. In addition, check the positions less attention such as: toenails, nails, soles of the feet, interstitial toes, fingers, groin and scalp. Health Department: Doctors will examine all suspected positions.

Skin cancer diagnosis measures

Skin cancer is detected by a skin exam, but the disease can only be confirmed through biopsy. Lesion biopsy methods:

Punch biopsy (Punch biopsy)

Excisional Biopsy

Select the biopsy method depends on the tumor characteristics. Drilling biopsy by pressing tools and biopsy is more recommended because it can be removed if necessary. However, in the case of major lesions, it is necessary to apply a part of the biopsy.

Skin cancer's disease treatments

Can I cure the melanoma? The disease can cure successfully if diagnosed and treated early.

How to treat skin pigmentation depends on patients.

Early stage skin cancer:

With the early stage of skin pigmentation, the treatment is a surgery to eliminate damage. and no further treatment. Reference and metastasis far. Symptomatic radiotherapy can be used. Some immunities have been licensed to use in Vietnam such as PembroLizumab (Keytruda).

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