Spontaneous pneumothorax

Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease overview

pneumothorax is a condition that the lungs are collapsed, the air enters the pleural cavity. It is this amount of gas pressed into the outside of the lungs and collapses the lungs. Pneumothorax can occur in whole or part of the lungs.

spontaneous pneumothorax is a sudden and unknown disease. The incidence of disease in the world ranges from 1/215000 to 1/67000.

There are 2 types of spontaneous pneumothorax:

  • Spontaneous pneumothoraxes: common in men at 75%, occurring in healthy red people. The main reason is due to the broken lung surface. So far, people have not yet learned the mechanism of forming these bubbles. However, the risk object is tall and thin. 1/3 of the cases of spontaneous pneumothorax will recur
  • Rehabilatic pneumothorax: The disease has a worse prognosis, which occurs in people with a history of lung disease such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, COPD, asthma, interstitial pulmonary spread ... common disease in patients over 30 years old.

    • It is necessary to distinguish spontaneous pneumothorax with pneumothorax , due to spontaneous pneumothorax, often unknown causes Pleural pressure is often associated with an injury in the chest area, broken ribs tear the pleural leaves.

    Causes of Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease

    There are many causes that are thought to cause spontaneous pneumothorax. These causes are difficult to diagnose and sometimes health workers do not think about these causes.

  • Liking pneumothorax due to tuberculosis: During the difficult economic period, low population, there is no favorable conditions to treat, so the rate of people with pneumothorax due to Tao is high, up to 2/3 of the cases. Progressive tuberculosis can cause pneumothorax due to the formation of tuberculosis scattered on the lung surface and may be broken at any time
  • spontaneous pneumothoraxes without tuberculosis: 1/5 of spontaneous pneumothoraxes are caused by diseases of lungs and bronchials such as pneumococcal pneumonia, abscess , bronchial asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, bronchodilator ...

    • Symptoms of Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease

    Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothoraxes suddenly onset, including severe chest pain, more pain when breathing, sometimes chest pain appears after exertion or coughing; The patient suddenly felt short of breath, the more the level of air overflow, the more difficult it is to breathe. When the patient is struggling, cyanosis, rapid breathing, shallow breathing, blood pressure drop, fast pulse proves that the disease has become worse.

    People at risk for Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease

    The object of pneumothorax is mainly from 20-40 years old, especially tall and thin people. Some risk factors increase the likelihood of pneumothorax such as:

  • Sex: a large proportion of people infected with men
  • Smoking: Tobacco smoke is an important agent causing respiratory diseases, including pneumothorax
    • genetic: There are pneumothoraxes that are the cause of genetic factors

    History of diseases related to pulmonary or pneumothorax

    Prevention of Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease

    There is no way to prevent spontaneous pneumothorax. However, there are some measures to prevent the recurrence of this disease. Those are very important measures because the disease can completely relapse within 2 years after being treated. The recurrence rate is about 30% of patients.

    Patients should take the following measures to prevent recurrence:

  • Stop smoking

    • Avoid diving deep

  • When traveling, pleural drainage is required

    • In addition, consulting medical staff should be consulted to reduce the risk of recurrent lung collapse.

    Diagnostic measures for Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease

    Some measures used to diagnose pneumothorax:

  • Clinical examination: Symptoms such as reducing breathing movements, murmuring alveoli or loss, chest bulging
  • Chest X -ray: Lung increases light, spatial compartments.
  • CT images can show the air balls, picky air
  • Can use pleural methods to combine diagnosis and treatment

    • Spontaneous pneumothorax's disease treatments

    Different treatment measures are applied in different cases or severity of the disease

    Pneumococcal suction

    Use a large needle or a vacuum to suck pneumothorax. This measure is only used in emergency, especially cases of heavy air overflow but cannot be retained.

    Pleural drainage

    use specialized breast ducts and continuous vacuums. Pleural drainage should ensure the principle: closed, one -way, thorough and absolutely sterile.

    Endoscopic surgery

    This is an effective treatment, less invasive, short hospital stay, thoroughly treating damage is the cause of gas overflow and causing pleura sticking to avoid recurrence. By laparoscopic surgery, surgeons will detect gas balls, cocoons are the cause of gas overflow. Depending on the size, quantity, the location of the gas balls will have different treatment techniques. For pneumothoraxes recurrent many times, gas overflow due to huge cocoons, complications of infection or abscess, may need laparoscopic surgery to cut lung lobes.

    Patients have a normal quality of life after surgery. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement:

  • In compliance with the following surgical regimen
  • Gentle exercise, no effort in combination with breathing exercise

    • Nutrition balanced eating and drinking

  • Always keep warm, avoid colds, good personal hygiene
  • Periodic re -examination to eliminate risk factors

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