Thrombosis (blood clots)

Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease overview

Blood clots in normal physiological conditions are the last product of blood clotting that can seal the mouth of the wound, help stop bleeding, prevent blood loss continued, Create favorable conditions for the scarring process to heal wounds. Then under the effect of anti -coagulation agents in the body, blood clots will gradually be disappeared.

thrombosis (thrombosis) is a phenomenon of forming pathological clots in blood vessels or in the heart chamber in the living. These blood clots may cause local vascular obstruction or move along the bloodstream to clogged blood vessels in the distance (with smaller glass). Depending on the location, the thrombosis causes vasodilation, the patient may have different clinical outcomes but generally very serious: if clogging the arteries in the legs or arms (clogged limb) can cause destruction The genus region is blocked; Clogging of the heart or brain causes myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction (brain stroke); Venous blockage causes intravenous inflammation ...

The formation of thrombosis

In a normal person, in both body blood clotting and anticoagulant. Under normal physiological conditions, anticoagulants always occupy the body, help blood flow smoothly, helping the circulatory system to be able to bring blood to everywhere in the body so that the blood will perform its important functions. . The anticoagulant process only boots when damage occurs to prevent and limit blood loss. The thrombosis formed under this condition (physiological conditions) is usually small and has a short life, easily spent by blood or decomposed by blood clots like plasmin.

However, in some pathological conditions, thrombosis is formed right in the vascular heart, even in the heart chamber without any previous injury. There are many causes of pathological thrombosis but generally it is the consequence of the interaction between the three factors:

  • Hemodynamic changes: When the flow of blood is slow or the flow is disturbed (puppet flow) (in the atrial or after the vein valves): blood cells): Move slowly and become easy to adhere to the lesions of the endothelial blood tissue (platelet), thereby initiating the process of blood clotting, forming fibrin nets, increasing the arrest of other blood cells Increases the size of thrombosis. The slow flow causes the newly formed blood clot to not be pushed away, creating favorable conditions to make the thrombosis increasingly enlarged and clogged. Atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis are two causes that slow down the flow of blood and blood clotting.
  • Endotentic cell damage: The atherosclerotic plaques formed in the vascular bed can promote the formation of blood clots when they are cracked or broken. Most cases of myocardial infarction and stroke occur related to the cracks of atherosclerosis in the artery.
  • Increases the concentration of blood clotting factors: Plasma dissolved blood coagulation factors play a role in thrombosis may be encountered in cancer, heart failure Chronic, in patients with burns caused by epidemic loss and coagulation scattered in the circuit often encountered in shock (dic)
    • thrombosis

    depends on the hemodynamic condition of the body:

  • If the small congestion: will be destroyed and have no consequences
  • Large lumps stick to the vascular walls or endothelial cells of the heart, over time in the thrombosis will be irritated by inflammatory and vascular cells ???? The particle organization is formed to make them more firmly called the process of congestion organization (replacing blood silk and blood cells by fibrous associated organization). 
  • Can be reconstructed with the formation of a new circulatory system, around the clogging of two clogged ends. 
  • If the blockage cannot be regenerated, it is destroyed and can break into large pieces into the circulatory system and cause clogging (Emboli) to make some part of Agency or body anemia and necrosis.
  • Infection: If there is bacteria that cause pus to enter the clash ???? The leukemia will be mobilized to arrest bacteria and then degenerate into pus. Pus congestion, disintegrated into pieces of blood drifting away, stopping where will cause pus there.

    • Symptoms of Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease

    The thrombosis has progressed silently for a long time, often the consequences of chronic diseases or lesions, so unless the thrombosis forms clogged, the rest often have no symptoms. Clinically.

    Depending on the clogged location and clogged blood vessels, there are different clinical manifestations:

    Aortic thrombosis

    causes acute anemia and then progresses to the destruction of the parenchyma area that is clogged with blood cable. Depending on the location, there are different consequences

  • Genant embolism: causing necrosis, if it is not possible to eliminate the clogging of the thrombus, it is necessary to proceed to remove the necrotic limb

    • coronary obstruction: Causes myocardial infarction

    Cerebral embolism: Causes cerebral infarction venous thrombosis

  • Pain can be seen in people with deep vein thrombosis, mild pain or severe pain, increased pain when walking. P>
  • Skin color change: Venous thrombosis tends to be hot and red after turning into dark blue or an abnormal color.
  • Swelling legs, heavy feeling, can compare the difference between the legs
  • Patients may appear frequent unexplained fevers
  • Feeling hot skin in the skin of thrombosis is usually hotter than other areas.
  • Can see shallow veins.
  • Expression when there are complications including: shortness of breath of unknown causes, coughing sometimes coughing up blood, chest pain ... Causes complications of pulmonary embolism. When there are these symptoms, it is necessary to go to the hospital immediately for timely treatment.

    • Skin ulcers under the venous position of thrombosis.

    People at risk for Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease

    thrombosis is a very common pathological condition, which can affect anyone and at any age. However, there are some people at high risk of blood, including:

  • Aortic thrombosis:

    • In smokers, patients with hypertension, diabetes, blood lipid disorders or self -history or family suffering from vascular disease (anemia heart disease Set or brain stroke ... are often accompanied by atherosclerosis, thereby high risk of glycemia that causes clogging of vasodilation (vascular, brain vessels, coronary artery).

    Those who are obese, people with a static lifestyle, lazy exercise ... are also at high risk of this disease.

  • Venous thrombosis

    • People with one or more risk factors below may be deep vein thrombosis :

  • Age, over 70 years old.

    • Cancer is in the operation period or being treated for 6 months.

  • Injury or pelvic surgery or lower limb
  • Patients with surgery need anesthesia lasting more than 5 hours
  • Patients treated with estrogen/progesterone

    • Women in postpartum state

  • Use birth control pills

    • Patients with varicose veins of the lower limb

  • People with congenital hyperplopathy or suffering
  • Patients with bedridden for more than 3 days or surgery within 4 weeks

    • Most cases of deep vein thrombosis often occur in patients undergoing surgery, sickness, inpatient treatment.

  • Limit movement (due to injury or long sitting);
  • Drink too much alcohol per day (more than 3-4 units of alcohol a day for men and 2-3 units of alcohol a day for women).
  • Elderly (70 years old)

    • Prevention of Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease

    Maintain a healthy, suitable living habit to help you prevent thrombosis:

  • Good control of indicators, blood pressure, blood sugar (trying to maintain at normal or acceptable levels)
  • Maintain cholesterol level at a safe threshold by healthy eating;
  • Diet with saturated fat, choleterol and salt content;
  • Exercise regularly

    • Lose weight loss;

  • Stop smoking.

    • Diagnostic measures for Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease

  • Because the number of cases of thrombosis has no clinical manifestations, the clinical examination is mainly a history of risk factors
  • When the thrombosis is clogged, depending on the clogged position that has different clinical manifestations, such as:
  • Pulmonary embolism: Clinical manifestations 1 Status of acute mind

    • Coronary artery obstruction: Clinical clinical syndrome of coronary artery syndrome

  • Tasaus (incomplete): The pain of recovery when moving

    • Means of testing, especially diagnostic imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), helping to diagnose and determine the location of thrombosis damage causing vasodilation But there is little early diagnostic value

    Thrombosis (blood clots)'s disease treatments

    Each type of thrombosis has different treatments because thrombosis can occur anywhere in the body from the brain to the toe. The cause of blood clotting, so there are many treatments from drugs to surgery. Depending on the position and severity of the thrombosis will determine the appropriate treatment.

    The current thrombotic treatments include:

  • Treatment of drugs: anticoagulants, blood clots
  • Treatment of surgical intervention or procedure: Venous opening surgery to eliminate thrombosis, surgery to set a venous filter mesh, thrombosis with mechanical tools ...

    • In general, the goal of treatment is to restore normal blood circulation in the circulatory system. 

    See also:

  • How long is the normal blood clotting time?
  • What are the coagulation factors?
  • Can test amniotic fluid for diagnosis of hemorrhoids?

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