Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer's disease overview

The thyroid function has the function of secreting important hormones into the blood to transport all over the body. The thyroid hormone is extremely important in the transformation process that helps organs such as the brain, heart and other organs always in a stable state to help the body regulate body temperature, keep warm and use energy. quantity.

What is

thyroid cancer?

Thyroid cancer is a disease that occurs when there is an abnormality in the growth of thyroid cells, which is the appearance of cancer cells to form a malignant tumor. In the thyroid area. Thyroid cancer has 4 forms: papillary cancer, cystic cancer, marrow and non -differentiated cancer. Of these 3 forms, non -differentiated cancer is the most dangerous and hardest to treat. Rapes account for the highest proportion and the best prognosis

Is thyroid cancer dangerous ?

Thyroid cancer is a malignant disease that accounts for 1-2% of all types of cancer but accounts for 90% of endocrine cancer groups. However, one thing that is thought to be luckier is that this disease has a cure rate of up to 90%, this is thought to be the highest cure rate compared to other types of cancer if diagnosed with diagnosis. Early and timely treatment.

The incidence of women is higher than that of men. According to Globocan, thyroid cancer ranked 9th among women's cancer with more than 160000 new cases each year, men with nearly 500,000 cases each year ranked 20th. Vietnam is one of the countries with the incidence of cancer. High thyroid mail in the world.

Thyroid cancer treatment is based on each specific pathological tissue, the disease often has good prognosis due to slow progression, surgery and response to iodine treatment. In fact, there is still a percentage of non -diagnostic patients or diagnosis in the late stages leading to dangerous complications. Therefore, having the necessary knowledge about the cause and early signs to detect the disease in the early stage is extremely important.

Causes of Thyroid cancer's disease

Causes of thyroid cancer include:

  • The immune system disorder: is the first cause, when the immune system is disordered, reproductive function produces antibodies that are effective against the penetration of viruses, Bacteria are impaired. This creates opportunities for bacteria and viruses to attack the body, including abused thyroid gland, causing thyroid cancer.
    • Radioactive infection: The human body may be infected with radiation through the gastrointestinal tract, through the respiratory tract that affects the thyroid gland. genetic factors: The fact shows that about 70% of thyroid cancer patients with parents have parents, or relatives.
  • Age factor, hormone change: At the age of 30 to 50, in women at risk of 2-4 times higher than men. The reason for women is at higher risk of disease due to the hormone factor in women stimulating the process of tumor formation in the thyroid, thyroid gland. Over time, these tumors can develop into cancer.
  • Due to thyroid disease: People with thyroid tumors, thyroid inflammation, Basedow or hormone hormones are reduced, there will be a higher risk of thyroid cancer than those. Others.

    • Due to the side effects of some drugs: Patients with thyroid diseases will be appointed by the doctor to take radioactive iodine, this is a factor that increases the risk thyroid cancer.

  • Other causes such as iodine deficiency, regular drinking, smoking, overweight, obesity ...

    • Symptoms of Thyroid cancer's disease

    The sooner the disease recognition of the disease will help the timely treatment and the higher rate of treatment. Thyroid cancer may appear slowly, increase gradually, symptoms of thyroid cancer include:

    Early symptoms:

  • There is a tumor in the neck: it is easy to detect this sign because the thyroid gland is located in front of the neck. The tumor has a hard, clear characteristics, the surface may be smooth or rough, moving according to the swallow rhythm.

    • There is neck lymphadenopathy: usually small, soft, mobile and the same tumor.

    Late symptoms :

  • Big, solid, fixed tumors.
  • hoarseness, may have difficulty breathing due to the tumor gradually over pinched into the larynx, trachea
  • Difficult to swallow, swallow, due to compression of the esophagus

    • Skin in the neck may be contaminated or bleeding.

    People at risk for Thyroid cancer's disease

  • High doses of radioactive exposure: People who are constantly exposed to high doses of radioactive substances will increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Those who often have to treat radioactive treatment without thoroughly protected in the neck will later have a risk of cancer in the thyroid.

    • People living in highly contaminated areas are also at higher risk than other subjects.

  • Genetic: Those with relatives with this disease, the risk rate will be higher than others.
  • Women aged 30-50

    • Prevention of Thyroid cancer's disease

  • Avoid contact with substances, radioactive rays
  • When the body has strange manifestations such as: unexplained fatigue, sudden weight gain, the body becomes more sensitive ... need to visit medical facilities, Because this is a manifestation of thyroid hormone disorders.
  • Regularly check the neck of the neck to promptly detect abnormal tumors.
  • Reasonable diet and rest. Maintain weight at a reasonable level.
  • If in the family with a history of relatives suffering from this disease, it is necessary to have a regular health check to detect the disease early and treat it promptly.
  • Diet: Use iodine salt, use iodine -rich foods such as algae, seaweed, seafood, eat foods rich in magnesium good for thyroid glands such as cashews, lymph nodes Nhan, ...

    • Diagnostic measures for Thyroid cancer's disease

    To diagnose thyroid cancer, it is necessary to combine many methods such as clinical examination and subclinical diagnostic means, specifically

    Clinical
  • There is a thyroid tumor, one or more core with hard, clear tumor characteristics, smooth or rugged surface, moving in a swallowing rhythm, tumor can be in a waist lobe Or both lobes.
  • In the late stages, large tumors often show signs: hard, fixed tumor, skin redness, ulcers or bleeding.
  • Most neck lymph nodes are the same lymph nodes (maybe the antique lymph nodes or both sides), the ganglion of the scene, the upper, under the jaw, under the chin, the thorns. Can see lymph nodes without touching the thyroid tumor.
    • Subclinical

    In addition to clinical examination based on symptoms, tests that need to be done to diagnose thyroids include:

  • Blood test

    • Blood test helps to quantify the level of calcitonin in the blood to help doctors diagnose thyroid cancer, especially cancer of the marrow form cancer. Quantifying T3 and TSH helps to distinguish thyroid cancer from goiter.

  • Thyroid -colored ultrasound:

    • Ultrasound helps assess the nature, the number of "beads" and the detection of neck lymph nodes. When an ultrasound, if one or more "armor seeds" are detected, it is likely that the patient has thyroid cancer. However, ultrasound does not really trust in the diagnosis of benign lesions from malignant lesions.

  • Thyroid radius method:

    • thyroid radiography is a very useful and effective method, with current equipment Great to evaluate the functional image of the thyroid gland, evaluate thyroid nuclei, thyroid cancer. To record the thyroid gland, doctors will use radioactive pharmaceuticals L -131 or Technetium - 99m (TC99M). The thyroid radius is being applied in some large hospitals in Vietnam, including Vinmec Hospital, which is effective in early detection of thyroid cancer.

    The role of thyroid radius in diagnosis of thyroid diseases

  • Small needle -sucking cells: Dead up to 95%. The doctor will use a very small needle to tease the thyroid gland to remove some cells and translate in the nucleus. Then the cells under the microscope evaluate to see if there is cancer cells. This measure is usually indicated for patients with sized core core of> 1cm or abnormal armor core on the radiotherapy image or thyroid ultrasound.
  • Cyxidation (biopsy)

    • Very valuable, found cancer cells in the thyroid gland.

    Thyroid cancer's disease treatments

    Surgery The thyroid removal is the most important method in treatment of thyroid cancer, Surgery to remove partial or the whole thyroid gland depending on the thyroid Each specific case, however, surgery to cut the entire thyroid gland combined with the dredging of the neck lymphadenopathy is the most optimal treatment. For all cases of thyroid tumors with surgical indications, instant biopsy in the surgery is a method to help the surgeon determine how to surgery accordingly.

    indicated cutting the entire thyroid gland in combination with dredging of the neck lymphadenopathy in the following cases:

  • With non -differentiated thyroid cancer, if there is a surgical ability on the basis of evaluating the stage before technical surgery. If there is no surgery, it is sometimes forced to use symptomatic treatment surgery such as opening trachea or gastric opening and then indicating radiation and chemotherapy.

    • With differentiated thyroid cancer, it will be indicated to cut the entire armor when there is one of the bad prognosis factors or recurrent thyroid cancer, dredging neck lymphadenopathy when detecting lymphadenopathy on Clinical, based on imaging diagnostic means and examination and evaluation of damage in surgery.

  • With cases of cancer cancer, the majority of multi -lesions, the level of malignant, the rate of recurrence is high and often has metastases in each early stage. . Therefore, the treatment method is to cut the whole thyroid gland, the neck lymph nodes and the additional radiotherapy ..

    • In addition to the cases of indicating the entire armor, the patient is considered to be assigned to cut the thyroid near the whole or lobes and waist.

  • Treatment I131 is a supplementary treatment that helps destroy the remaining cancer cells or distant metastatic lesions.
  • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is less valuable to differential thyroid cancer, often used for non -differentiated thyroid cancer and Cancer cancer.
  • Hormone therapy : Indications after treatment I131 postoperative, or after cutting the entire thyroid gland or spreading spread after thorough treatment Failure.
  • Self -enhancement therapy is a therapy that helps cancer patients strengthen the immune system to stimulate immune cells to active, Increase the ability to identify and attack cancer cells, increase the effectiveness of treatment.

    • See also:

  • The role of thyroid radius in diagnosis of thyroid diseases
  • Where is the thyroid gland and what function?
  • Common pathologies in the thyroid gland
  • Screening package, screening of thyroid diseases

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