Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis's disease overview

What is

What is labor?

tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis spread throughout the human body and creating small size lesions (1–5mm). On the film X-ray of the tuberculosis patient, there are images of many small spots scattered throughout the field like the characteristics of the millet are very typical, so there is the term "millet". TB can spread to any organ, including lungs, liver and spleen. 

Is tuberculosis dangerous?

There are about 2% of people with tuberculosis out of the total number of people with tuberculosis and account for 20% of the total number of tuberculosis cases.

TB is a blood sugar tuberculosis so it is very severe. When there are injuries in many parts, if not treated well and carefully cared for, the rate of patients death is very high.

Causes of Tuberculosis's disease

The cause of tuberculosis is mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Academic study of tuberculosis

From lung or lung damage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the circulating body throughout the body causing disease (urinary, lymph nodes, brain, meninges, ...). 

When infected with tuberculosis, the immune response through the cell intermediaries is activated. The infected area is surrounded by macrophages and forming granulomas is a typical manifestation of tuberculosis.

Diseases appear when the body is weakened as the following measles, malnutrition, pneumonia, diabetes, pregnancy, HIV/AIDS infection, etc. Adults.

After Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the body, the disease will happen through 2 stages: tuberculosis and then tuberculosis depends on the level of more or less infection (the amount of Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and the body's resistance. The disease onset immediately after tuberculosis is called tuberculosis, most people see in children under 4-5 years old such as tuberculosis, tuberculosis, meninges, ... and less contagious.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis's disease

Patients with tuberculosis often encounter indefinite signs such as cough and swollen lymph nodes. 

Other tuberculosis symptoms include:

  • Big liver (40%)
  • Spleen (15%)

    • Pancreatitis (<5%)

    Multi -organ dysfunction with adrenal insufficiency (adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones to regulate other organs).

  • TB may also be accompanied by pneumothorax on both sides or one side. 
  • Difficulty breathing
  • diarrhea.

    • Skin damage

  • Many patients may have a fever lasting for a few weeks with daily fevers in the morning.

    • Hypertension is a common symptom, appearing from 16-51% of tuberculosis cases.

  • Eye membrane tuberculosis (eye tuberculosis) or lesions surrounding optic nerves are often associated with tuberculosis in children. These lesions can occur in one eye or both eyes, the number of lesions varies depending on the patient. Eye membranes can be an important symptom of tuberculosis, as the presence of the disease can be determined to diagnose.

    • about 10-30% of adults and 20-40% of children with tuberculosis have tuberculosis. 

    Signs of tuberculosis in children:

  • High fever fluctuating, sweating forehead and back
  • Respiratory disorders (cough, shortness of breath, cyanosis ...). 

    • There are 80% of tuberculosis cases in children with meningeal lesions (signs of vomiting, hard neck, face to darkness)

  • Lung examination has many moist rans.

    • Transmission route of Tuberculosis's diseaseTuberculosis

    Is the statistics contagious?

    TB status is a form of tuberculosis, so it can be spread through others. However, many people have tuberculosis infections but do not get sick due to a healthy immune system and good resistance.

    TB may be transmitted through respiratory tract, blood sugar or breast milk. 

    People at risk for Tuberculosis's disease

  • Direct contact with people with tuberculosis
  • Living in unsanitary conditions
  • There is an unhealthy diet.

    • Children

  • Elderly people
  • Drugs injecting drug addicts

    • HIV/AIDS infection.

    People with impaired immune system due to other diseases

  • People who have had tuberculosis but not thoroughly treated

    • Prevention of Tuberculosis's disease

  • Prevention of tuberculosis with BCG vaccine:

    • BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) is a type of vaccine that prevents tuberculosis that is usually injected with babies in the first month after birth in some countries that are working There is Vietnam. BCG's protection decreases over time, so it can be repeated at level I or level II. Patients can still get tuberculosis even when BCG vaccinated, but the vaccination will limit severe tuberculosis.

  • Prevent contact with patients with tuberculosis: Should avoid contact too close and too long for patients with tuberculosis in the crowded environment (for example, hospitals, clinics or love houses trade).

    • People working in clinics, hospitals or places that are easy to contact with tuberculosis patients should be advised how to control infection or must have in -depth health knowledge. As well as using personal respiratory protection devices. These subjects need annual health checks to detect the disease early and should do skin test (Mantoux test) or Igra test (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay-Interferon-Gamma Liberation Test before Leave another place. If the test results are still negative, check 8 to 10 weeks later.

  • Prevention of tuberculosis with drugs: People with hidden tuberculosis bacteria and are in a high risk group that develops the disease that can be prescribed Isoniazide to prevent the development of tuberculosis.
  • Do not let children malnourished or have chronic diseases, if any, they need to be treated promptly. 
  • Keeping houses clear, body and teeth hygiene regularly. 

    • Diagnostic measures for Tuberculosis's disease

    Clinical examination

    Testing: TB tests are usually conducted similarly to the diagnosis of other tuberculosis including:

  • Pulmonary X-ray: On the lung film shows grain lesions, nodules with typical properties are 3 steady: are both in size, both in terms of contrast and even in distribution .
  • Transplanting
  • Bronchoscopy

    • Lung biopsy

  • CT/MRI scan
  • Blood culture
  • Soi bottom
  • ECG measurement
  • TB tests in the blood or Igra is a hidden way to diagnose hidden tuberculosis. Skin testing for tuberculosis is often used to detect other types of tuberculosis, which is not helpful in detecting tuberculosis. The tuberculin test is unsuccessful due to the high negative number. The false negative occurs due to a much lower ratio of antibodies than other types of tuberculosis.

    • Tuberculosis's disease treatments

    In the treatment of tuberculosis, the most important thing is to use antiviral drugs:

  • Standard tuberculosis treatment regimen as recommended by the World Health Organization is to use Isoniazid and Rifampicin for 6 months, as well as ethambutol and pyrazinamid for the first two months. 
  • If there is evidence of meningitis, patients may be treated for up to 12 months.

    • corticosteroids are considered a drug that limits serious lesions in the lungs and other organs, especially in the meninges. 

    Anti -respiratory failure due to lung damage and care when patients are comatose, when there is meningeal lesions, ... is very important.

    Statistics are treated under short -term treatment, directly monitoring effectively 90%. 

    See also:

  • tuberculosis: vaccinated and then infected? How is
  • tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis?

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