Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis's disease overview

What is

What is tuberculosis?

TB (also known as TB) is an infectious disease caused by tuberculosis. If tuberculosis penetrates into a certain body in the body and multiplying and the body cannot fight it, then tuberculosis will be formed.

TB can be seen in all parts of the body such as pleural tuberculosis, lymph nodes, meninges, osteoarthritis, peritoneal tuberculosis, epidemic - urinary tract, gut, gut, In which, tuberculosis is the most common (accounting for 80-85%) and is the main source of infection to people around.

For people who are suspected of suffering from tuberculosis, if the mucus is directly sputum, the patient is diagnosed with AFB (+) tuberculosis and vice versa AFB (-) <)

Data on tuberculosis:

According to statistics, in 2015, 1.8 million people died from tuberculosis, out of 10.4 million people infected.

The World Health Organization estimates that 9 million people have tuberculosis every year, of which 3 million people are not treated.

Symptoms of tuberculosis can last for months. A tuberculosis patient can infect 10-15 others through nearly 1 year contact.

Causes of Tuberculosis's disease

TB is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads caused by tuberculosis bacteria when people suffer from tuberculosis cough, speech, sneezing, spitting, but accidentally nearby contact people can be inhaled and cause lung disease. From the lungs, tuberculosis bacteria can cross blood or lymph to other organs in the body and cause disease there.

TB bacteria are resistant to alcohol and acids, which is destroyed by other concentrations. Tuberculosis bacteria have been for weeks in sputum, moist and dark, died at a temperature of 1000C/5 minutes and easily lost the ability to cause disease in the sun.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis's disease

Typical tuberculosis symptoms include:

Cough lasts more than 3 weeks (dry cough, cough with phlegm, blood cough) is the most important symptom related to tuberculosis

Chest pain, sometimes shortness of breath

Feeling tired at all times

Sweat at night

Mild, chills in the afternoon

Anorexia, thin

You may experience other symptoms not mentioned above. The location of each person is different, so see a doctor for medical examination and consultation.

Transmission route of Tuberculosis's diseaseTuberculosis

Is tuberculosis contagious?

The disease is very contagious from human to human by respiratory tract. There are no pathogens in nature or intermediaries.

Source of disease are people with pulmonary tuberculosis, larynx tuberculosis, bronchial in the stage of coughing out tuberculosis bacteria.

tuberculosis bacteria in tiny saliva particles, or in small dust particles with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm will easily be inhaled and cause disease in the lungs. From the lungs, bacteria can be through blood, lymphatic to other organs in the body (lymph nodes, bones, liver, kidneys, ...) and cause disease in those organs of the body.

For every 1 person with pulmonary tuberculosis, bacteria can spread to 10-15 others, especially in small population populations such as family, classrooms ....

Environmental pollution of dust, dust is a favorable condition for tuberculosis bacteria to grow and cause disease.

Exposure to people with tuberculosis or waste containing tuberculosis bacteria can be infected.

Use foods containing tuberculosis, livestock -contaminated bacteria can also be infected with tuberculosis.

Note:

The ability to spread vigorously in the unexplained time. If not detected and treated, the patient will constantly spread tuberculosis bacteria during the time they live.

Once treated with anti -tuberculosis drugs, the ability to spread the disease is very low

Tuberculosis in the lungs is not at risk of infection to others.

People at risk for Tuberculosis's disease

tuberculosis is a very common disease, which can affect people in all ages.

The factors that increase the risk of tuberculosis include:

immunodeficiency: HIV infection, cancer ... : peptic ulcer, diabetes, chronic renal failure ... Chemicals for cancer treatment ...

Prevention of Tuberculosis's disease

To prevent the spread of tuberculosis can apply some of the following prevention measures:

TB vaccination: BCG injection is done for children to prevent tuberculosis. Currently, the State is carrying out tuberculosis vaccination at the first month after birth in the expanded vaccination program

Use a mask when going out or when exposed to people with tuberculosis.

Cover your mouth when sneezing, wash your hands regularly, especially before eating and after going to the toilet.

Do not share personal belongings to the sick.

People tuberculosis avoid infection to others by not sleeping in the same room with others, not going to a crowded place ...

The patient must wear a mask, when coughing, sneezing must cover the mouth, spit sputum in the prescribed place and sputum or source containers must be canceled properly. > Taking advantage of the sun as much as possible for the place of residence and objects of the patient. Gymnastics regularly and do not use addictive substances such as drugs, alcohol, tobacco ...

Hygiene of accommodation, workplace and periodic health examination is essential for tuberculosis prevention.

Diagnostic measures for Tuberculosis's disease

The doctor will ask the disease to exploit systemic symptoms such as mild fever in the afternoon, night sweating, anorexia, fatigue, lung and lung examination and body examination. After that, the doctor may appoint some tests:

Dyeing phlegm directly looking for AFB

Xpert MTB/RIF test (if possible)

Cultivation to find tuberculosis bacteria

X-ray

Diagnostic diagnosis: must have at least 1 sample with AFB (+) and X -ray images or when there are 2 samples of phlegm (+)

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the worse progression of the disease and avoid worse situations that need emergency, so you should see your doctor as soon as possible to avoid cases of disease Heavy pulmonary tuberculosis .

Tuberculosis's disease treatments

If not treated promptly tuberculosis may experience some of the following complications:

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, coughing up blood.

After curing tuberculosis can still leave some sequelae such as chronic respiratory failure, bronchiectasis, lung tumor, pneumothorax ...

The common treatment is tuberculosis medication.

Most cases of tuberculosis can be cured when treated properly and properly. TB treatment regimens are divided into treatment depending on each specific case. Which drug and how long to use will depend on the following factors:

Health of patients

Age

Medication resistance

TB suffering is tuberculosis or tuberculosis outside the lungs. In case people with tuberculosis in the lungs only need to use a type of tuberculosis antibiotic, while people with tuberculosis i often have to use many drugs.

The regimen Treatment for people with tuberculosis for the first time (according to the National TB Program):

The attack phase (2 months) includes 4 drugs: Ethambutol (or Streptomycine), Rifampicine, Isoniazide, Pyrazinamide

Maintenance phase (6 months) including 2 drugs isoniazide and ethambutol.

Note when treating antiviral drugs:

Take adequate medicine, at the right dose, do not arbitrarily stop using the drug even when the symptoms of tuberculosis have disappeared.

After treatment, tuberculosis bacteria survive can become resistant, then develop into a multi -resistant tuberculosis (MDR) in the future. At that time, the treatment of tuberculosis was much more difficult.

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