Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis's disease overview

tuberculosis is a bacterial infection at the bone system of the body caused by tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the common types of tuberculosis of the lungs, ranking third after pleural tuberculosis and lymph. In the US, tuberculosis accounts for 10% of the total number of tuberculosis outside the lungs.

Patients often do not have tuberculosis from the beginning, but tuberculosis is usually secondary after tuberculosis. TB bacteria when causing lung disease can follow blood or lymphatic sugar to localities in a certain position in the bone and cause tuberculosis.

tuberculosis can occur any age, of which the age or tuberculosis is 20-40 years old. The location often has tuberculosis especially the spine, the second is the hips and pillows. The vertebrae and lumbar disc stems are the positions in the spine are more likely to be attacked by tuberculosis bacteria. In addition, tuberculosis may also appear in the neck and bone vertebrae; Or less common than ribs, sternum, pelvis, long bone, hands, feet, ...

TB bones usually localize in a certain position, but can also appear simultaneously in many different positions, this case is called multi -drive tuberculosis. Statistics show that up to 60-70%is the spine, the second is the knee joint with about 10-15%, less common than the ankle joint (5-10%), the foot of the foot (5. %).

TB in general and tuberculosis in particular have close relationships with HIV/AIDS. The immunodeficiency in HIV/AIDS patients is a "opportunity" for tuberculosis bacteria to attack the body. In developing countries, there is a high percentage of HIV/AIDS patients, so tuberculosis tends to increase in these countries.

micro -micro -bone, tuberculosis can be divided into 2 categories:

The type of necrosis of the secretion, forming cold abscess.

Fast growth type with minimum necrosis, such as granular tumor.

Causes of Tuberculosis's disease

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis in general and tuberculosis in particular. A person may be infected with tuberculosis from tuberculosis in the environment or from tuberculosis patients. Typically, tuberculosis bacteria will penetrate the respiratory tract to the lungs and cause tuberculosis if the body's immunity is not strong enough to deal with tuberculosis bacteria. From primary tuberculosis lesions in the lungs, tuberculosis bacteria can follow blood sugar or lymphatic sugar to bones. Here, they reproduce and develop, forming tuberculosis (the center of tuberculosis is a necrotic area, the outside has giant cells, single and nucleus cells, epithelium). The porous, large, weight -bearing bones are the position that tuberculosis bacteria often attack first. This destruction can cause damage to the body's support.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis's disease

TB may have no symptoms or unclear symptoms in the early stage of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. TB bones are often detected when the disease has progressed and manifested clinical symptoms.

The common symptoms of tuberculosis clinically

Systemic symptoms: fatigue, fever in the afternoon, sweating at night, weight loss, pale skin, poor eating.

Symptoms on the spot:

Bone pain in the spot: This is the most common symptom of tuberculosis. Depending on the tuberculosis lesions in any bone, the patient will have symptoms of pain at the position of that bone. The spinal tuberculosis will have serious back pain in the back of the spine, the patient is constantly painful, increasing at night.

Swelling, stiff at the position of tuberculosis, but not inflammation: The location of the bone tuberculosis lesions is swollen but not hot, not red like conventional osteoarthritis. P>

Refrigerated abscess: This is a sign that suggests damage caused by tuberculosis bacteria. Inside the abscess is latex, the organization of the peas, sometimes there is a piece of dead bone. Clinical examination shows signs of blooming edges. The abscess breaks off the hole. complications of tuberculosis

tuberculosis can cause disability for patients if not detected and treated early. The delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to some dangerous complications.

Neurological complications: paralysis of limbs or 2 lower limbs.

Bone deformation: spinning, pointed, can be pinched with spinal cord, nerve roots.

spread: If not treated promptly, tuberculosis bacteria can grow to other organs in the body such as lungs, meninges, ... threatening life Patient.

amputated limbs: if not treated early and in accordance with the regimen, it can lead to unmatched lesions, forced to amputation for patients. P>

Restricting movement: Patients with tuberculosis have difficulty bowing and leaning.

Muscle atrophy of joint motor: It can also be a complication of tuberculosis.

Round muscle paralysis: This is the result from the cold abscess that pinches the spinal cord

Transmission route of Tuberculosis's diseaseTuberculosis

TB is contagious?

Patients with tuberculosis can be spread to others through the roads:

Examination through the respiratory tract: If patients with tuberculosis tuberculosis of Tien Phat pulmonary tuberculosis, it is not excluded the possibility of tuberculosis bacteria spread to the environment and spread to those around them when the patient cough, sneeze, talk.

Passed through open wounds and mucosa.

Spread from mother to child.

People at risk for Tuberculosis's disease

Some subjects are at high risk of tuberculosis, including:

Age: 20-40.

Exposure to patients with tuberculosis or other sources of tuberculosis, the risk increases when exposed regularly and continuously.

Previous tuberculosis history: tuberculosis, tuberculosis, tuberculosis, urinary tuberculosis, ...

Children have not been vaccinated BCG vaccine.

pathology: diabetes, stomach - duodenal ulcer, immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, ...

Prevention of Tuberculosis's disease

Lifestyle, nutrition: Eat enough nutrients to enhance resistance, limit going to crowded places, quit smoking, limit alcohol, coffee, etc. .

Patients with reasonable tuberculosis to avoid spreading to the community.

Persons who are exposed regularly with tuberculosis should be screened for pulmonary tuberculosis by testing sputum and lung x-ray.

Patients with tuberculosis must follow treatment to avoid drug resistance and relapse.

Diagnostic measures for Tuberculosis's disease

Clinical symptoms: Symptoms of tuberculosis may be vague in the early stages of the disease. Recognizing early signs can help doctors aim to diagnose.

X-ray, spine or damage bone position.

Passional samples from tuberculosis and bacterial position.

Mantoux test.

Blood formula, measuring blood deposit rate.

CT scan, MRI: These imaging means can help assess bone tuberculosis damage in patients as well as help detect complications of the disease.

Tuberculosis's disease treatments

Patients with tuberculosis should be diagnosed early and treated the regimen to be able to limit the bad progress of the disease, prevent dangerous complications. With the advances of modern medicine, tuberculosis can be completely cured if the patient adheres to.

How to treat tuberculosis

Purpose of treatment:

Treatment of infections, kill tuberculosis bacteria.

Pain relief.

Conservation and restoration of bone and joint function.

Prevent complications.

Treatment methods:

Chemotherapy (medication): This is a basic treatment or in other words, treating the cause of tuberculosis. TB treatment regimen often has a combination of drugs with each other during the treatment period of about 6-18 months. At the beginning, patient treatment should be supervised at the Institute to ensure compliance with treatment and avoid spreading to the community. You can then continue home treatment. Most patients respond to chemotherapy, however, there is also a small number of drug resistance and requires an alternative regimen.

Relative rest: At the beginning of treatment, the patient needs relative rest for 4-5 weeks. Hard beds are more effective than lying on the mattress.

Slap exercise: After 4-5 weeks of relative immobility, patients need to exercise to avoid stiffness.

Stretching/splint: Can be indicated in certain cases.

surgery: is indicated when the patient does not respond to medical treatment and rehabilitation, or when there are complications such as large abscesses, osteoarthritis deformation , activity limit, .. seriously affecting the patient's activities and work.

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