Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes's disease overview

What is

What is type 1 diabetes?

diabetes (diabetes) is a chronic metabolic disorder, in which the body cannot use glucose due to insulin production deficiency or unused or both. Normally the body takes energy from glucose, lipid, protein components. In which glucose provides the main source of energy for cells, brain, muscle ... activity. But if you want to use glucose, you need to have insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin helps sugar (glucose) from blood moving into cells, thereby metabolizing and creating energy

Diabetes consists of two main forms, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Beta cells of the pancreatic island (insulin secretion), causing insulin deficiency and must use insulin source from the outside.

Causes of Type 1 diabetes's disease

What is the 1 -to -type diabetes ?

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is still unknown. The cells of the body's immune system, normally only against harmful agents, for some reason, have destroyed insulin secretions. The cause of that situation is still being researched.

Is type 1 diabetes genetic ?

It is found that type 1 diabetes may be related to viral exposure, and have genetic factors. But not parents with type 1 diabetes, children will definitely get sick.

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes's disease

Type 1 diabetes usually starts fast, frantic. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include:

Diabetes classic symptoms:

Eat a lot

drink a lot (or thirst)

a lot (due to high urine, osmosis)

Symptoms of complications:

Acute complications

coma infection of ketone acidosis: weak, fatigue, thirst, dry skin, cramps, fast pulse, hypotension (signs of dehydration), conscious disorders (drowsiness, sleeping , coma), nausea, rapid breathing, apple smell of rotten apple. This complication requires emergency treatment.

Chronic complications

blurred vision (due to retinal complications, cataracts)

Chest pain is usually not typical (due to coronary complications)

Perceptions in the feet (neurological complications)

ulcer, foot infection

A full bloating, slow, difficulty swallowing (automatic neurological complications that cause gastric paralysis, esophagus)

People at risk for Type 1 diabetes's disease

Family history: If a family has a parent with type 1 diabetes, children are at higher risk

Environmental factors: Exposure to viruses such as Coxsackie, Rubella can initiate the destruction of Beta cells pancreatic cells

Geography: It is found that in some countries such as Finland, Sweden has a higher rate of diabetes type 1

Prevention of Type 1 diabetes's disease

There is still no way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Scientists are still continuing to study measures to prevent progressive disease in newly diagnosed people.

Diagnostic measures for Type 1 diabetes's disease

Diabetes in general (according to the American Diabetes Association):

Any blood sugar> 11.1 mmol/l, with symptoms of hyperglycemia (eat a lot, drink a lot, a lot of urination, thin)

Blood sugar at hunger (fasting> 8-14h)> 7 mmol in 2 different mornings

Blood sugar 2 hours after taking 75g of glucose> 11.1 mmol/l (blood sugar -increasing test)

HBA1C (quantitative by liquid chromatography)> 6.5%

In addition:

Thinking of type 1 diabetes when: the age of onset <30, a frantic symptom, a family history of someone who is sick, other autoimmune disease. Testing with antibodies against pancreatic island, quantitative blood insulin or 0.

Other tests: Cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerid, Total urine analysis to find proteinuria, urine test 24h

Soi bottom: Find retinal lesions

ECG: Find signs of coronary artery disease

Type 1 diabetes's disease treatments

Suitable diet: enough protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, mineral salts and water with reasonable volume

Exercise regularly: 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week

Sugar control: For tube 1, external insulin control is mainly. Use according to the regimen, comply with the injection time and the dose to avoid hypoglycemia. Types of insulin include: normal insulin (very fast and fast, insulin lisplo, actrapid ..), slow semi -slow insulin (NPH, Lente ..), slow insulin (Ultralente ..), mix mixed insulin (mixx .. ), Background insulin (Lantus)

Control blood pressure: Priority to inhibit receptor transfer/inhibitors when kidney complications (captopril, ibesartan, losartan ..)

See also:

Distinguish diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 as instructed by the Ministry of Health

diet and exercise for people Diabetes

Diabetes management package - Hemorrhagic hyperlipation

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