Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes's disease overview

diabetes (diabetes) is a chronic metabolic disorder, in which the body cannot use glucose due to insulin production deficiency or unused or both. Normally the body takes energy from glucose, lipid, protein components. In which glucose provides the main source of energy for cells, brain, muscle ... activity. But if you want to use glucose, you need to have insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin helps sugar (glucose) from blood moving into cells, thereby metabolizing and creating energy

diabetes consists of two main forms: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes . Type 2 diabetes is a disease that has insulin resistance, which means that the body uses very poorly insulin (although insulin is still secreted). The natural reaction of the body is to increase insulin secretion in the early stages, at some point, Beta cells are inhaled in function, cannot produce adequate insulin, at that time, it is necessary to provide expressional insulin for Body. Previously type 2 diabetes called diabetes independent of insulin, but now it is no longer really true. Because as presented, at a time, it is still necessary to provide external insulin for the body.

Type 2 diabetes are dangerous?

Type 2 diabetes does not endure life immediately (unless there is acute complications such as coma increasing osmotic pressure) but in the long run it causes many chronic complications, causing damage Many important organs of the body (coronary, kidney, digestive organs ..). If the patient has diabetes, there are other diseases such as infection, injury, myocardial infarction ... The prognosis will be much worse than people without diabetes.

Causes of Type 2 diabetes's disease

Causes of type 2 diabetes are not known. The disease is usually due to many coordinated factors and also has the contribution of genetic factors

Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes's disease

Type 2 diabetes usually starts slowly. Most of them happened to be discovered. Or patients can see a doctor because some symptoms include:

Diabetes classic symptoms:

Eat a lot

drink a lot (or thirst)

a lot (due to high urine, osmosis)

Leavenly (thin weight): Patients with type 2 diabetes are often fat, but when symptoms of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, or new diabetes detected, they have There may be a period of unexplained weight loss, unintended.

Symptoms of complications:

Acute complications

coma increasing osmotic pressure: A acute complication, usually in type 2 diabetes (tube 1 or metonic acidosis). Manifestations of weakness, fatigue, thirst, dry skin, cramps, fast pulse, hypotension (signs of dehydration), consciousness disorders (drowsiness, sleep, coma). This condition progresses from From a few days to a few weeks. This complication requires emergency treatment.

Chronic complications

blurred vision (due to retinal complications, cataracts)

Chest pain is usually not typical (due to coronary complications)

Perceptions in the feet (neurological complications)

ulcer, foot infection

A full bloating, slow, difficulty swallowing (automatic neurological complications that cause gastric paralysis, esophagus)

Pain from the lower limb (pain when walking, supporting when resting, due to vascular complications). In addition to leg pain, muscle atrophy, dry skin, cold limb, weak circuit. More severe can cause dry necrosis of the toes, the risk of removal, amputated.

People at risk for Type 2 diabetes's disease

Obesity: Overweight increases insulin resistance

Family history with type 2 diabetics

age: The risk of disease increases with age

History of gestational diabetes in women

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Hypertension

Disorders of lipid lipid disorders

Prevention of Type 2 diabetes's disease

Healthy diet: low fat, animal fat. Eat lots of green vegetables, fruits

regular exercise: at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week. Exercise increases cell sensitivity to insulin

Losing weight: Reducing insulin resistance

Control blood pressure

Treatment of other metabolic disorders: Lipid disorders

Diagnostic measures for Type 2 diabetes's disease

Diabetes in general (according to the American Diabetes Association):

Any blood sugar> 11.1 mmol/l, with symptoms of hyperglycemia (eat a lot, drink a lot, a lot of urination, thin)

Blood sugar at hunger (fasting> 8-14h)> 7 mmol in 2 different mornings

Blood sugar 2 hours after taking 75g of glucose> 11.1 mmol/l (blood sugar -increasing test)

HBA1C (quantitative by liquid chromatography)> 6.5%

In addition:

Thinking about type 2 diabetes when: appearing in adults> 30 years old, clinical symptoms are not frantic (accidental detection), fat condition, a history of gestational diabetes Women's period

Other tests: Cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerid, Total urine analysis to find proteinuria, urine test 24h

Soi bottom: Find retinal lesions

ECG: Find signs of coronary artery disease

Measuring the neck pressure index of the neck-hand (ABI) discovers the lower artery disease

Vascular doppler ultrasound

Type 2 diabetes's disease treatments

Type 2 diabetes can be cured?

Currently, diabetes cannot be cured. The thing to do is to control the blood sugar well and treat the accompanying diseases

Sugar control: may be used or injected with insulin depending on the level of blood sugar and the stage of the disease. The tablets have many types: metformin, gliclazid, sitaglyptin, etc. Currently, there are many new drugs that bring good effects: Empagliflozin, dapagliflozin ... When needed to use insulin, you must use according to the regimen, adhere to injection hours and dosage Avoid hypoglycemia. Types of insulin include: normal insulin (very fast and fast, insulin lisplo, actrapid ..), slow semi -slow insulin (NPH, Lente ..), slow insulin (Ultralente ..), mix mixed insulin (mixx .. ), Background insulin (Lantus)

Treatment of hypertension: Use enzyme inhibitors/special receptor inhibitors when proteinuria (captopril, ibesartan, losartan ..)

Treatment of blood lipid disorders: Statin therapy. Common medicines: rosuvastatin, atorvastatin ..

See also:

Early signs of Type 2 diabetes

Can type 2 diabetes cure? Li> Diabetes screening package, dyslipidemia

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