What is Farxiga used for and how does it work?
Farxiga (dapagliflozin) is a medication used to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. It comes in the form of a tablet.
What has the FDA approved Farxiga to treat?
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Farxiga for use in adults:
How does Farxiga work?
Farxiga works by increasing the amount of glucose (blood sugar) removed when we urinate. It also works by reducing the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system that contributes to the progression of heart failure and the increased intraglomerular pressure that contributes to CKD.
Farxiga works in a part of the kidneys called the proximal renal tubule. It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. SGLT2 allows glucose to be reabsorbed back into the body with the aid of a sodium molecule which powers the process. By inhibiting SGLT2, Farxiga decreases the reabsorption of glucose and sodium, which:
About type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. After we eat our body breaks down the carbohydrates we have consumed into simple sugars, which are a source of energy or fuel for our body. The amount of sugar in our blood is regulated by a hormone called insulin, which helps to ensure that our blood sugar is not too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). When our blood sugar levels go up, insulin tells our bodies to store the excess sugar or glucose in our cells for later use.
People with type 2 diabetes can become resistant to the effects of insulin, meaning that although their blood sugar levels are too high, their bodies don’t respond to minimize the excess blood sugars. The pancreas, the organ responsible for making insulin, initially attempts to combat rising blood sugar levels by producing more and more insulin. Eventually it becomes unable to keep up and can stop working altogether.
About heart failure
Heart failure is a chronic and progressive condition in which the heart cannot keep up with its workload and can no longer pump oxygen-rich blood around your body as well as it should. When the cells in our body don’t get the oxygen-rich blood they need it can result in fatigue and shortness of breath.
Our hearts are made up of four chambers. The top two are called atria and the bottom two are ventricles. The right atrium and ventricle are involved in collecting the blood that has already travelled around the body and pumping it to the lungs to be replenished with oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood is then sent back through the left atrium to the left ventricle, which pumps it out around the body.
When heart failure begins to develop our bodies employ a number of different mechanisms to help compensate, including enlargement of the heart, pumping blood faster, narrowing of blood vessels and more. Eventually though, the body can no longer compensate and symptoms start to develop.
To measure how effectively a heart pumps blood doctors measure your ejection fraction. This measures how much blood is left in your left ventricle after it contracts to pump oxygen-rich blood out around your body. Your ejection fraction is provided as a percentage and a normal measurement is between 50-70%. An ejection fraction of 41-49% may be considered borderline and a measurement under 40% may indicate heart failure.
About chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (chronic renal disease) results in a slow loss of kidney function over time. As the kidney’s fail waste can build up in the blood causing illness. Failing kidneys can cause high blood pressure, anemia, osteoporosis, nerve damage and more. Kidney disease can also lead to heart problems and damaged blood vessels. Kidney disease can progress and lead to kidney failure. Diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are two of the main causes of chronic kidney disease.
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