Atypical antipsychotics
What are atypical antipsychotics?
Atypical antipsychotics are antipsychotics that are less likely than traditional antipsychotics to cause certain side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). EPS are drug-induced movement disorders and include tremor, Parkinson's-like symptoms (walking with a shuffle, mask-like facial features) and tardive dyskinesia (this describes abnormal, repetitive facial movements such as lip smacking or poking the tongue out).
Most atypical antipsychotics were discovered recently; however, clozapine is often referred to as atypical antipsychotic even though it was discovered more than 60 years ago. Atypical antipsychotics are also known as second generation antipsychotics.
Experts aren’t exactly sure how atypical antipsychotics work but they appear block certain chemical receptors in the brain, affecting levels of various neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, or serotonin. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have a higher affinity for serotonin receptors and a lower affinity for dopamine receptors than typical antipsychotics.
What are atypical antipsychotics used for?
Atypical antipsychotics are used to relieve symptoms such as delusions (mistaken beliefs), hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there (hallucinations), or paranoid or confused thoughts typically associated with some mental illnesses.
They may be used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia or a psychotic episode; in the treatment of severe depression; severe agitation or anxiety; or for stabilizing episodes of mania in people with Bipolar Disorder. Some are FDA-approved in children to treat irritability associated with Autistic disorder.
What are the differences between atypical antipsychotics?
Atypical antipsychotics differ in the way that they are absorbed into the body, how they are metabolized, the length of their effect, and how they are excreted. There are also differences between them with regards to:
- Weight gain: Clozapine appears to have the highest risk followed by olanzapine and quetiapine
- Reduction in the risk of suicidal events and behavior: Clozapine appears superior to olanzapine
- Discontinuation because of adverse effects: Clozapine has the highest rate of discontinuation in the short-term but the lowest rate out of any antipsychotic in the long-term (two years or more)
- Risperidone appears to have higher rates of EPS than olanzapine
- Risperidone may have higher rates of sexual dysfunction compared with quetiapine, but similar rates when compared with ziprasidone
- Women may be more responsive to clozapine and olanzapine than men.
With regards to the difference between atypical antipsychotics and typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are less likely to produce EPS but more likely to cause weight gain. Recently, no difference in effectiveness regarding symptom improvement between atypical antipsychotics and typical antipsychotics has been shown.
Common Atypical Antipsychotics Available in the U.S.
| Generic name | Brand name examples |
|---|---|
| aripiprazole | Abilify |
| asenapine | Saphris |
| brexpiprazole | Rexulti |
| cariprazine | Vraylar |
| clozapine | Clozaril, FazaClo |
| iloperidone | Fanapt |
| lurasidone | Latuda |
| olanzapine | Zyprexa |
| paliperidone | Invega |
| quetiapine | Seroquel |
| risperidone | Risperdal |
| ziprasidone | Geodon |
Are atypical antipsychotics safe?
All medicines have their risks and benefits and atypical antipsychotics are no exception. When taken as prescribed by a doctor in people with no contraindications for their use, atypical antipsychotics are considered safe; however, some, such as clozapine, require ongoing monitoring.
About 1 in 10 people who take clozapine develop neutropenia, which is a loss in the capacity to produce white blood cells needed to fight infection. This could result in a serious infection and potentially, death. Anybody taking clozapine requires regular blood tests to check their blood cell counts. Clozapine may also cause changes in heart rate or blood pressure, constipation, excessive salivation, sedation, or weight gain. However, it does not tend to cause movement-related symptoms such as EPS.
All antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of death when used in elderly people, especially those with dementia, and they are not approved for this use. In addition, atypical antipsychotics may cause changes in metabolism and increase the risk for diabetes and high cholesterol.
What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics?
Atypical antipsychotics are more likely than typical antipsychotics to cause weight gain and metabolic disturbances including an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
Other common side effects include:
- difficulty concentrating or speaking
- changes in blood pressure
- constipation
- difficulty sleeping
- drooling
- drowsiness
- mask-like face
- restlessness or need to keep moving
- sexual dysfunction
- shuffling walk
- tremor
- vision problems (blurred or double vision).
All antipsychotics can cause drowsiness. Most antipsychotics are associated with high rates of discontinuation either because of side effects or a lack of effect.
List drug with Atypical antipsychotics
| Drug Name |
|---|
| Abilify Generic name: Aripiprazole (oral) |
| Abilify (Aripiprazole Intramuscular) Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Abilify (Aripiprazole Oral) Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Abilify Discmelt Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Abilify Maintena Generic name: Aripiprazole Lauroxil (injection) |
| Abilify Maintena Prefilled Syringe injection Generic name: Aripiprazole (injection) |
| Abilify Mycite Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Abilify MyCite Maintenance Kit oral with sensor Generic name: Aripiprazole (oral With Sensor) |
| Abilify MyCite Starter Kit oral with sensor Generic name: Aripiprazole (oral With Sensor) |
| Aripiprazole Generic name: Aripiprazole (oral) |
| Aripiprazole (Intramuscular) Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Aripiprazole (Oral) Generic name: Aripiprazole |
| Aripiprazole injection Generic name: Aripiprazole (injection) |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil Generic name: Aripiprazole Lauroxil |
| Aripiprazole oral with sensor Generic name: Aripiprazole (oral With Sensor) |
| Aristada Generic name: Aripiprazole Lauroxil (injection) |
| Aristada Initio Generic name: Aripiprazole Lauroxil |
| Aristada Initio injection Generic name: Aripiprazole (injection) |
| Aristada injection Generic name: Aripiprazole (injection) |
| Asenapine sublingual Generic name: Asenapine (sublingual) |
| Asenapine transdermal Generic name: Asenapine (transdermal) |
| Clozapine Generic name: Clozapine |
| Clozaril Generic name: Clozapine |
| Brexpiprazole Generic name: Brexpiprazole |
| Caplyta Generic name: Lumateperone |
| Cariprazine Generic name: Cariprazine |
| Fanapt Generic name: Iloperidone |
| Fanapt Titration Pack Generic name: Iloperidone |
| Fazaclo Generic name: Clozapine |
| Geodon Generic name: Ziprasidone |
| Geodon (Ziprasidone Intramuscular) Generic name: Ziprasidone |
| Geodon (Ziprasidone Oral) Generic name: Ziprasidone |
| Iloperidone Generic name: Iloperidone |
| Invega Generic name: Paliperidone (oral) |
| Invega Hafyera Generic name: Paliperidone Palmitate |
| Invega Hafyera injection Generic name: Paliperidone (injection) |
| Invega Sustenna Generic name: Paliperidone (injection) |
| Invega Trinza Generic name: Paliperidone Palminate |
| Latuda Generic name: Lurasidone |
| Lumateperone Generic name: Lumateperone |
| Lurasidone Generic name: Lurasidone |
| Nuplazid Generic name: Pimavanserin |
| Olanzapine Generic name: Olanzapine (oral) |
| Olanzapine (Intramuscular) Generic name: Olanzapine |
| Olanzapine (Oral) Generic name: Olanzapine |
| Olanzapine injection Generic name: Olanzapine (injection) |
| Paliperidone Generic name: Paliperidone (oral) |
| Paliperidone (Intramuscular) Generic name: Paliperidone |
| Paliperidone (Oral) Generic name: Paliperidone |
| Paliperidone injection Generic name: Paliperidone (injection) |
| Perseris Generic name: Risperidone |
| Perseris injection Generic name: Risperidone (injection) |
| Pimavanserin Generic name: Pimavanserin |
| Quetiapine Generic name: Quetiapine |
| Rexulti Generic name: Brexpiprazole |
| Risperdal Generic name: Risperidone (oral) |
| Risperdal Consta Generic name: Risperidone (injection) |
| Risperdal M-Tab Generic name: Risperidone |
| Risperidone Generic name: Risperidone (oral) |
| Risperidone (Intramuscular, Subcutaneous) Generic name: Risperidone |
| Risperidone (Oral) Generic name: Risperidone |
| Risperidone injection Generic name: Risperidone (injection) |
| RisperiDONE M-Tab Generic name: Risperidone |
| Rykindo Generic name: Risperidone |
| Saphris Generic name: Asenapine (sublingual) |
| Secuado Generic name: Asenapine |
| Secuado transdermal Generic name: Asenapine (transdermal) |
| Seroquel Generic name: Quetiapine |
| Seroquel XR Generic name: Quetiapine |
| Uzedy Generic name: Risperidone (injection) |
| Uzedy injection Generic name: Risperidone (injection) |
| Versacloz Generic name: Clozapine |
| Vraylar Generic name: Cariprazine |
| Ziprasidone Generic name: Ziprasidone (oral/injection) |
| Ziprasidone (Intramuscular) Generic name: Ziprasidone |
| Ziprasidone (Oral) Generic name: Ziprasidone |
| Zyprexa Generic name: Olanzapine (oral) |
| ZyPREXA injection Generic name: Olanzapine (injection) |
| Zyprexa IntraMuscular Generic name: Olanzapine |
| Zyprexa Relprevv Generic name: Olanzapine (injection) |
| Zyprexa Zydis Generic name: Olanzapine (oral) |
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
Popular Keywords
- metformin obat apa
- alahan panjang
- glimepiride obat apa
- takikardia adalah
- erau ernie
- pradiabetes
- besar88
- atrofi adalah
- kutu anjing
- trakeostomi
- mayzent pi
- enbrel auto injector not working
- enbrel interactions
- lenvima life expectancy
- leqvio pi
- what is lenvima
- lenvima pi
- empagliflozin-linagliptin
- encourage foundation for enbrel
- qulipta drug interactions